Friday, July 3, 2026

Lisa Espinosa, Seventh Graders and Sexism

As someone with a sociology background and genuine passion for it, I tend to read classroom experiences through a sociological lens, especially when it comes to how students make sense of identity, power, and norms. With this, I chose to read Seventh Graders and Sexism by Lisa Espinosa from Rethinking Popular Culture and Media. After teaching 6th and 7th grade social studies, I've become overwhelmingly aware of how visible gender norms and sexism are in everyday school life. I always knew these truisms existed, but I was surprised by how often they show up in student interactions, expectations, and even humor, often without being named directly.

Espinosa (2016) focuses on what sexism looks like in a real middle school classroom, not in dramatic or extreme moments, but in everyday patters of student behavior and interaction. She describes how gender expectations are constantly being communicated through peer culture, school routines, and even seemingly small classroom exchanges. One of her key observations is that students often do not recognize these patterns as "sexism" at all, instead they categorize them as normal or just "how things are."

In her classroom, Espinosa (2016) noticed clear differences in how students expressed their future and identities. Many girls described their hopes in terms of relationships or being taken care of, while boys more often focused on education and careers. She also observed differences in participation, where girls more likely shared their ideas in question form, while boys spoke more directly and assertively. Even peer language reflected gender hierarchy- phrased like calling someone "a girl" were sometimes used as insults, reinforcing negative associations with femininity.


Espinosa also describes how these patterns are not accidental, but learned through multiple influences: media, family expectations, peer interactions, and school culture (Espinosa, 2016). To help students engage with these ideas, she uses classroom discussions and media analysis. Curated texts help students connect their own experiences to broader social messages about gender.

What stood out to most was how deeply embedded these norms are in everyday life. Students are exposed to sexist and heteronormative ideas constantly, and then reproducing them in subtle ways. Students are great at recognizing sexism and gender norms as large societal issues, but they still struggle connect it to their daily interactions. Espinosa points out that students explicitly named that the problem just seems to big and abstract, so it becomes easier to overlook behaviors that sustain it.

It is important to mention that despite her experience, Espinosa (2016) does not present students as passive. Her goal is to help them question stereotypes about gender and rethink assumptions about feminism, masculinity, and identity. Rather than treating sexism as something that is simply "out there," she frames it as something that can be examined and challenged within school environments. 

Reference

Espinosa, L. (2016). Seventh graders and sexism. In E. Marshall & Ö. Sensoy (Eds.), Rethinking popular culture and media (2nd ed., pp. 153–161). Rethinking Schools.


Exploring New Digital Tools: Padlet & Blooket

I decided to explore two digital tools that I have never used before, Padlet and Blooket. Even though I had never used either one myself, I felt like I was constantly hearing about them. Many of my co-workers talk about them, I see them mentioned online, and they see to come up often in conversations about classroom technology and student engagement. Since they seem so popular, I wanted to check them out.

Going into this, I assumed both tools would be more difficult to use than they really turned out to be. After exploring them, I found that they were pretty easy to navigate and each had its own purpose. Padlet felt more focused on collaboration and sharing ideas, while Blooket seemed designed to make learning more interactive through games. 

Padlet Tutorial

After exploring Padlet I came to find that is basically an online collaborative board (similar to a website) where users can share ideas, resources, pictures, videos, and other content all in one place. I would describe it as a digital bulletin board where many people can add their contributions and interact. 

Step 1: Create an Account

  • First, create an account and log in. This will allow you to access the Padlet homepage that has several templates and options to get started. 
Step 2: Create a Padlet
  • Click on "Make a Padlet" to see different layout options. Examples include:
    • Wall: displays all posts in a grid
    • Stream: shows posts one after another
    • Canvas: allows flexible organization/ ability to move things around
    • Timeline: organizes information in order
Step 3: Add Content
  • To add content, you must press the (+) button. This allows the user to upload text, images, videos, links, documents, or audio. This part is very similar to crafting a social media post.
Step 4: Share the Board
  • After the board is created it can be shared through a link, QR code, or email invitation


While still a useful tool, Blooket is a game-based learning platform that turns questions and quizzes into interactive games. This allows students to participate in games that make review activities more engageing, rather than simply answering questions on a worksheet or quiz.

Step 1: Create an Account

Step 2: Find or Create Questions
  • Users can create their own question sets or use question sets that have already been created by others. These can be found by typing a topic into the search bar or browsing through pre-made categories (ex: Social Studies, Science, etc.)
Step 3: Preview the Questions
  • Looking through question sets help to give an idea of what students can actually see during gameplay
Step 4: Choose a Game Mode
  • After selecting a question set, click "Host," and different game mode options will appear.
  • Different game modes like Gold Quest, Cafe, Factory, Racing, and Classic Quiz-style games will come up. Each game looks different and has a different theme, but the content stays the same.
Step 5: Adjust Game Settings
  • After starting the game, there are several settings that can be changed. Settings include:
    • Time limits
    • Number of questions
    • Randomizing Questions
    • Showing student names
    • Homework mode vs. live play
Step 6: Host and Join the Game
  • Once "Host" is clicked, Blooket generates a game code that participants can use to join on their own devices. 
Final Thoughts
After exploring both tools for the first time, I am glad I finally have a better understanding of what they are and why I hear people talk about them so often. I can definitely envision using both in my classroom, but I was especially drawn to Padlet because of how collaborative and flexible it feels. Padlet seems to be a great contender for my Final Project, in which I hope to create a space that is more collaborative and personal for students. I can see students using it to brainstorm solutions to community issues, share perspectives on current events, collaborate on covoc action projects, or organize ideas for larger class discussions. While Blooket seems like a fun way to increase engagement and review content, Padlet stood out because I could immediately see connections to the types of collaborative and project-based work that happens in Civics. 

Wednesday, July 1, 2026

Final Project Brainstorm

 For the final project I am interested in exploring ideas related to student apathy and civic engagement in my 8th and 10th grade classrooms. One challenge I consistently notice is that many students do not necessarily feel disconnected from civics, but rather see it as something larger than them and beyond their influence. Government and democracy can feel like systems controlled by adults, politicians, institutions, or people with power, rather than by students and their communities. Students have demonstrated that they understand civic concepts for the purpose of completing assignments, but they do not always recognize how civic systems and decisions shape the realities they encounter every day, like school policies, community resources, social issues, and their rights. Because of this, they struggle to see themselves as individuals with agency or as people who can make meaningfulness change. My observations sometimes convey to me that students can become passive participants in civics education because democracy can feel like something that happens around them rather than something they can actively participate in. 

While I am still brainstorming, I am leaning toward final project ideas that bolster student voice, participation, and how they are personally implicated in civics. I am considering creating opportunities for students that allow them to explore their civic identities and make stronger connections between classroom content and their lived experiences. It is my hope that my project helps students could reflect on questions related to the communities that have shaped them, the issues they care about, and where they observe power and decision-making in their daily lives. 

I am not set on what tech I would use, but there are many platforms that I have not used before that I am planning to explore, such as NotebookLM, blogger, ClaudeAI, and more. I will do some more research and gain experience with these platforms  to see how these tools might support inquiry, creativity, collaboration, and reflection in ways that align with my beliefs about learning. Ideas in the works include:

1. Digital We the People/ Congressional Simulation

  • Digital portfolios for sorting evidence
  • Asynchronous discussion spaces
  • Multimedia responses (videos, podcasts, infographics)
  • Reduce dominance of outspoken students
2. Civic Identity and Digital Storytelling
  • Explore personal civic identities
  • Connect civic concepts to students' lives
  • Create digital stories or media projects
3. Digital Civic Discussion Hub
  • Online space for civic discussion
  • Multiple participation formats (written, audio, video)
  • Discuss current events and community issues



Tuesday, June 30, 2026

Ferlazzo and Gallant & Rettinger

 My personal relationship with AI is deeply rooted in tension, guilt, and the structural realities of teaching. My instinctive reaction toward AI is one of avoidance and disgust because I value learning as a deeply human process grounded in discussion, reflection, struggle, and relationship building. Still, my relationship with AI emerged from the material conditions of my teaching practice. During my first year of teaching (this year), I entered the classroom with no prior experience, no instructional coach, no curriculum, and no time. I was responsible for managing two grades, multiple subjects, and intervention responsibilities simultaneously. In one class alone, I had ten students with IEPs and no idea how to meaningfully accommodate and support them. At the same time, I was also in graduate school working toward both my teaching certification and my master's degree. Within these conditions, AI became less of a choice and more of a tool for survival.

The guilt I feel surrounding AI seems sociologically significant because it reflects a tendency to individualize responsibility for structural problems. Rather than recognizing the institutional conditions that created unsustainable demands, I found myself internalizing the pressure and viewing my use of AI as a personal deficiency. I questioned whether relying on AI meant I was taking shortcuts or somehow failing to embody the ideal image of a competent teacher. I felt as though I should know what to do and how to do it at all times, in every facet of the classroom. 

The guilt also feels connected to broader expectations embedded within educational culture. Teaching often exists within a form of grind culture that normalizes overwork and self-sacrifice, where exhaustion becomes interpreted as commitment and burnout becomes invisible labor that is simply assumed of teachers. Under these conditions, asking for support or relying on tools can feel like a personal weakness rather than a response to structural strain. Yet this framing obscures broader realities surrounding educational labor and the increasing expectations placed on teachers. In many ways, my experience mirrors Gallant and Rettinger's argument that behavior should be understood through contexts and systems that shape it rather than through simplistic moral judgements (Gallant & Rettinger, 2013). This work pushed me to think beyond whether an action is inherently right or wrong and instead examine the conditions that make certain choices appear necessary.

At the same time, part of my discomfort with AI stems from recognizing its potentially harmful consequences. I view education as a form of liberation and empowerment rather than simply a process of delivering information. I believe education should equip students with the ability to question systems, develop literacy, think critically, and analyze the social forces shaping their lives. These are not simple academic skills; they are skills I view as imperative for participation, agency, and survival within society. Because of this, I worry about the ways AI may encourage efficacy over depth, instant answers over productive struggle, and productivity over meaningful learning. I worry about students becoming increasingly disconnected from very difficult, but very necessary process of developing their own voices, constructing arguments, and grappling with complexity. I also worry about broader social implications: whose knowledge is privileged within AI systems, whose perspectives become marginalized, and who ultimately benefits from growing dependent on these technologies. 

Despite these concerns, I have relied on AI this year. This contradiction feels uncomfortable, but is important to acknowledge. Ferlazzo's argument resonates with me because he positions AI as a support tool rather than a replacement for educators (Ferlazzo, 2025). For me, AI did not replace teaching, but it did reduce many of the still overwhelming administrative and planning burdens that threatened to make my first year of teaching unsustainable. AI helped me generate differentiated resources, think through accommodations, and organize materials in ways that I otherwise struggled to while trying to stay afloat. It helped me to preserve energy for the most challenging parts of teaching that also felt the most human: relationships, discussion, student regulation, and student connection.

My relationship with AI feels defined by ongoing negotiation rather than certainty. I find myself caught between critique and dependence. I recognize the potential harms and remain uneasy about the broader implications of AI, yet I also recognize that under my current conditions of teaching, stepping away from it can feel unrealistic. Rather than asking whether AI is inherently good or bad, I find myself asking what social conditions make reliance on AI feel necessary and what that dependence reveals about the systems in which we live and work.




References

Ferlazzo, L. (2025, June 18). AI can save teachers time and stress. Here’s how. Education Week.

Gallant, T. B., & Rettinger, D. A. (2025). The opposite of cheating: Teaching for integrity in the age of AI. University of Oklahoma Press.

Prensky Revisited

 When reading Jennifer Spiegel's commentary on Marc Prensky's article Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants, my sociological imagination pushed me to think beyond whether students simply "know" technology to asking broader questions about power: who benefits from benefits from particular ways of engaging with technology. While Prensky's concept of the "digital native" recognizes that many young people have grown up immersed in technology, I ultimately align more closely with Spiegel's critique because technological experiences are far more complex than age alone can explain.

From a sociological perspective, technological literacy is socially constructed and shaped by factors such as access, socioeconomic statis, educational opportunities, and cultural capital. Simply growing up around technology does not automatically produce critical technology literacy. As a teacher, I think it can be easy to assume students who spend significant amounts of time online are naturally skilled users of technology. However, comfort with devices or social media does not necessarily mean students know how to evaluate information, ideally misinformation, or think critically about the systems in which they participate. 

I also find the terminology itself concerning. Labeling theory suggests that categories can shape expectations and reinforce assumptions about people's abilities and identities. With this, labels carry power, and terms such as "digital native" and "digital immigrant" can easily be misunderstood and unintentionally create deficit perspectives. "Digital native" can suggest that young people already possess technological expertise and therefore to not require support, while "digital immigrant" frames others as outsiders permanently trying to catch up. The immigrant analogy feels limiting because it borrows language associated with migration and displacement in a way that does not fully fit this context. "Digital participants" may better capture that technological understanding exists on a continuum.

What stood out to me most was considering who benefits from different forms of technological engagement. The dominance of "digital socialites," individuals who primarily use technology for social interaction and content consumption, does not simply shape behavior; it serves the interest of producers who rely on attention and engagement. Children are nor creating these systems or fully understanding the incentives behind them, yet they are entering environments intentionally designed to maximize time spent online. While technology can create opportunities for connection and creativity, these systems can affect children's well-being through increased social comparison, anxiety, shortened attention spans, and reduced opportunities for meaningful face-to-face interactions. 

Rather than viewing these outcomes as individual shortcomings, I think it is important to recognize the broader social structures and power dynamics shaping users' experiences. The Forbes (2026) billionaire list reported a record of 3,428 billionaires with a combined wealth of $20.1 trillion, driven heavily by AI expansion and technology markets. The wealthiest individuals on the list were overwhelmingly connected to social media and technology. Elon Musk ranked the highest, with profits coming from ownership of Tesla, SpaceX, and xAI. Larry Page and Sergey Brin follow closely behind, attributing their wealth to the success of Google and Alphabet. Jeff Bezos built his fortune through Amazon, while Mark Zuckerberg's wealth originates from Meta and other major social media platforms. While many young people become increasingly immersed in digital environments, the largest economic rewards continue to accrue to those who control the systems themselves. 


References

Forbes. (2026, March 10). Forbes’ 40th annual world’s billionaires list: Elon Musk is world’s richest person ever recorded. Forbes billionaires report

Spiegel, J. (2021). Prensky revisited: Is the term “digital native” still applicable to today’s learner? English Leadership Quarterly, 44(2), 12–15. 

Monday, June 29, 2026

Introduction

 Hello!

My name is Stella, and I am originally from Montclair, New Jersey, a suburb located about 30 minutes outside of New York City. I have always been drawn to the humanities and developed a strong passion for civics and government throughout my educational journey. This interest led me to attend the University of Vermont, where I studied Political Science and Sociology and minored in Law & Society. 

My undergraduate experience deepened my commitment to social justice and ultimately inspired the path I have taken as an educator.  Before entering the classroom, I spent much of my time working in correctional facilities, where I became deeply interested in justice reform. After graduation, I worked as a researcher for a Harvard Law professor, who, in his free time, wrote political comic books. While immersed in studying resistance movements, political reform, and broader processes of societal change, I found myself reflecting heavily on my own educational experiences. It was during this time that I made a somewhat impulsive decision to pursue teaching.

I applied to Teach for America and am now heading into my second year of teaching at the Segue Institute for Learning (Legacy High School). I began my teaching career instructing 6th grade Ancient Civilizations and 7th grade World History, and I am now looking forward to transitioning to 8th and 10th grade Civics.

Outside of the classroom, I enjoy taking long walks and spending time at the beach. I listen to music constantly and paint whenever I get the chance! 

Lisa Espinosa, Seventh Graders and Sexism

As someone with a sociology background and genuine passion for it, I tend to read classroom experiences through a sociological lens, especia...